固建筑大业之根 护市场秩序之基-pg电子游戏官网入口
发布时间：
2017-10-18
工程造价，不仅为项目建设提供了计价依据，更为提高工程投资效益、维护市场秩序、保障工程质量安全提供了重要的技术支撑。党的十八大以来，确定了市场在资源配置中的“决定性作用”。作为建筑市场经济活动的根基，工程造价的重要性不言而喻。
工程造价，不仅为项目建设提供了计价依据，更为提高工程投资效益、维护市场秩序、保障工程质量安全提供了重要的技术支撑。
党的十八大以来，确定了市场在资源配置中的“决定性作用”。作为建筑市场经济活动的根基，工程造价的重要性不言而喻。5年来，全国工程造价工作按照“市场决定”的原则，政府、企业、从业者全面协力推进改革：完善顶层设计、健全造价管理制度、发展造价咨询队伍……多项工作取得了突破性进展。
完善顶层设计 推动全面改革
不谋全局者，不足谋一域。面对党的十八大以来我国新型城镇化建设和建筑业转型发展的需求，住房城乡建设部从顶层设计入手，经过两年调查研究，于2014年发布了《关于进一步推进工程造价管理改革的指导意见》，提出坚持市场化改革方向，确定了建立与市场经济相适应的工程造价管理体系目标。
2017年2月，国务院办公厅印发《关于促进建筑业持续健康发展的意见》，其中明确提出：“完善工程量清单计价体系和工程造价信息发布机制，形成统一的工程造价计价规则，合理确定和有效控制工程造价”，“鼓励投资咨询、勘察、设计、监理、招标代理、造价等企业采取联合经营、并购重组等方式发展全过程工程咨询，培育一批具有国际水平的全过程工程咨询企业”，为工程造价事业的发展提出了具体要求和目标。
为贯彻落实中央有关文件精神，2017年8月，《工程造价事业发展“十三五”规划》正式发布，提出了工程造价事业发展的指导思想、主要目标、发展理念和重点任务，是指导“十三五”时期工程造价改革发展的纲领性文件。
随着一系列改革措施的陆续出台和落地，工程造价管理体系日益健全，计价行为进一步规范，公共服务能力明显提升。
抓重点破难点 开创新局面
民之所呼，政之所向。一直以来，拖欠工程款、农民工工资等问题备受行业关注。为解决这一问题，住房城乡建设部颁布《建筑工程发包与承包计价管理办法》，开展《建设工程价款结算暂行办法》修订工作，为项目建设和验收阶段的投资控制和管理提供依据，规范发承包活动行为，减少纠纷事件的发生。同时，改革人工单价组成，使造价管理机构发布的人工价格信息更加直接地反映市场实际价格，保障农民工获取合理利益。
为了让“营改增”在建筑业顺利落地，住房城乡建设部专门组织多家单位开展相关课题研究，在对各地326个工程项目进行数据测算的基础上，提出了“价税分离”的工程造价调整方案。颁布《关于做好建筑业营改增建设工程计价依据调整准备工作的通知》，全面部署工程计价依据调整准备工作，确保完成工程计价依据调整任务。“营改增”实行后，住房城乡建设部还组织有关省市对311个工程项目进行造价数据测算，监测“营改增”后工程造价行业变动情况，打通“最后一公里”。
在统一工程造价计价规则方面，为了降低区域之间计价依据的差异性、消除区域壁垒，共享定额机制应运而生。住房城乡建设部调集全国各省市和各行业计价依据编制专家集中力量编制全国计价依据，各省市造价管理机构以全国计价依据为基础，进行适当调整，成为本省市的计价依据，并实时更新公布计价依据要素的市场价格信息。计价依据的共建共享，既降低了各省市造价管理机构的编制工作量，又提高了编制效率，更加准确地反映了市场实际情况，为建筑市场经济活动提供了有力支持。
继往开来 谱写“一带一路”新篇章
春华秋实，硕果累累。5年来，住房城乡建设部颁布《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》和建筑、安装等9套不同专业的工程量计算规范，编制总承包工程计量、计价规范，为发包承包活动提供统一的计价形式和规则，完善清单计价体系。编制城市地下综合管廊工程投资估算指标等9项造价指标，完善估算计价依据；编制园林绿化养护概算定额，完善概算计价依据；编制房屋建筑与装饰工程消耗量定额等41部定额，完善预算、招标控制价、合同价、结算计价依据，保障工程项目投资决策和投资控制依据充足。
行业发展也呈现出欣欣向荣之势。工程造价咨询业年营业收入从2013年的995.42亿元增加至2016年的1203.76亿元，年均增长14.4%，同比增长11.51%。其中，造价咨询业务收入从2013年的419.56亿元增至595.72亿元，同比增长15.37亿元。
在工程造价咨询队伍方面，工程造价咨询企业数量由6794家增至7505家，年平均增长率为3.14%，同比增长5.6%。其中，甲级3021家、乙级4086家。工程造价咨询企业从业人员46.22万人，同比增长11.54%。注册在工程造价咨询企业的造价工程师数量从65635人增至81088人，年均增长率为6.96%，同比增长10.15%。全国从事工程造价的专业技术人员数量逐年攀升，已达145万人。在工程造价咨询、监理、招标代理等各类企业注册的造价工程师达15万人，基本覆盖工程项目投资、建设、运营全过程。
回望来路，更知所向何方。随着中国企业对“一带一路”沿线国家投资不断增长，我国工程造价咨询“走出去”也迎来了新机遇。如何突破国际投资中造价信息不对称的问题？如何实现中国定额国际化？为此，住房城乡建设部标准定额司历时两年组织开展了“工程造价咨询企业国际化战略研究”、“国际工程项目管理模式研究”和“我国工程造价咨询走出去对策研究”等课题研究，分析国内外工程造价市场发展、企业运作模式、风险因素、各国法律和行业标准等，提出国际化发展战略实施的政策和建议，帮助我国企业在海外投资建设中掌握主动权，服务于国家“一带一路”战略实施。同时，鼓励行业协会参与国际交流，推动造价工程师资格国际互认，参加国际标准的制定。目前，已有300多名香港工料测量师获得内地造价工程师互认注册；360多名内地造价工程师获得香港工料测量师的认定；我国向英国皇家测量师协会推荐了53名会员成为其专业会员并签署合作协议书。为工程造价管理和造价咨询进入国际舞台奠定了基础。
我们相信，全国工程造价事业将继续在优化市场环境、统一计价规则、推进信息化建设等方面砥砺前行，共迎更美好的未来！
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