装配式建筑产业集群建设：产业协同融合发展成关键-pg电子游戏官网入口
发布时间：
2019-07-31
随着科技的快速发展，人们建造房屋所用材料逐渐升级的同时，建造方法也越来越先进。利用装配式建造技术，工人先将部件在工厂预先生产好，再运送到工地现场进行组合、拼接、安装，这种“搭积木”的建造方式能有效地减少材料损耗，缩短工期，减轻环境污染。
正是基于装配式建筑具备的种种优势，我国近些年一直在积极推动装配式建筑的发展，《“十三五”装配式建筑行动方案》明确提出，到2020年，全国装配式建筑占新建建筑的比例达到15%以上，其中重点推进地区达到20%以上。在地方层面，广西、海南、山东等地纷纷出台政策、细化指标，推出不少实质性举措。
与此同时，装配式建筑的发展也将带动材料、设备等相关产业的发展。就装配式建筑产业如何进一步发展问题，6月12日，在中国民主建国会中央委员会社会服务部和中国民主建国会广西壮族自治区委员会、中共贺州市委、贺州市人民政府共同主办的“中国贺州•新材料与装配式建筑——非公经济前沿圆桌会议”上，相关专家、学者及政府部门负责人进行了深入探讨。
地方纷纷加大装配式建筑推广力度
就建筑业转型升级现实需要而言，发展装配式建筑是建造方式的重大变革，有利于节约资源能源、减少施工污染、提升劳动生产效率和质量安全水平。近年来，我国一直在大力倡导并积极探索如何规模化发展装配式建筑。各地为实现新旧动能转换，也在陆续出台鼓励政策加以扶持。
以广西自治区为例，近年来，为大力发展装配式建筑，该区出台了一系列政策措施文件，选取南宁、柳州、贺州、玉林四个市作为自治区级装配式建筑试点城市，重点培育和发展装配式建筑产业集群。具体到各个城市，根据不同城市区位、产业和资源优势等条件，南宁重点发展装配式混凝土结构；柳州重点发展装配式钢结构；贺州重点发展装配式墙体材料。
其中，以贺州为例，该市将发展装配式建筑作为推进生态文明建设、新型城镇化、新旧动能转换的重要举措之一，目前已有10家装配式建筑生产基地，2家pc构件生产企业、2家装配式钢结构生产企业、4家装配式墙材生产企业、2家装配式全装修生产企业。贺州市住房和城乡建设局相关负责人介绍称，贺州已将装配式建筑产业、碳酸钙产业和生态健康产业列为“三个千亿元产业”，已探索形成了“产业园区 产业基地 试点项目 产业协会”的装配式建筑发展新模式。
此外，海南、山东推动装配式建筑发展的力度也很大。海南省住房和城乡建设厅前不久印发文件，要求到2020年，政府投资的新建公共建筑以及社会投资的、总建筑面积10万平方米以上的新建商品住宅项目等，具备条件的全部采用装配式方式建造；到2022年，具备条件的新建建筑原则上全部采用装配式方式进行建造。
今年3月，山东提出，今后新建民用建筑将在建设用地规划条件、项目建设条件中明确装配式建筑相关指标要求，棚改安置房、政府投资工程及大型公共建筑全面按照装配式建筑标准建设。
为让行业内相关企业更好地了解已投产的装配式建筑部品、部件厂区分布情况及生产能力，山西近日专门举办了装配式产业基地推介会。10家装配式生产基地进行了现场展示推介，向参会人员介绍了各自的生产规模、生产情况、科研能力和工程业绩等。
新材料、新工艺等急需协同发展
2016年9月印发的《国务院办公厅关于大力发展装配式建筑的指导意见》指出，要开发应用品质优良、节能环保、功能良好的新型建筑材料，并加快推进绿色建材评价。强制淘汰不符合节能环保要求、质量性能差的建筑材料，确保安全、绿色、环保。
“当前我国建筑业的发展面临着‘材料转型’阶段，既要促进资源节约和循环利用，又要符合绿色、低碳要求。尤其是我国高层建筑越来越多的情况下，建筑材料必须质量轻、强度高、防火防水、隔热保温性能好、可再生。”广西壮族自治区政协副主席钱学明认为，尽快找到这样一种优质、轻型的建筑材料，是当前建筑业发展的迫切要求，也是拥抱行业未来发展方向的新要求。
新材料的发展还将推动建造工艺的进步。过去相当长的一段时间，传统建筑施工工艺不仅消耗了大量资源能源，还容易产生施工污染。同时由于过分依赖人工操作，还存在劳动生产效率不高、建筑产品质量安全难控制等问题。装配式建筑虽是建造方式的重大变革，已经提出并推广了很多年，但一直没有找到轻型、优质的建筑材料，大大影响了预制构件的生产、安装和使用。
钱学明认为，贺州生产的新型发泡墙体材料，将给预制构件技术带来革命性飞跃。“随着建筑行业设计工艺不断升级，通过bim技术配合使用轻型、优质的新材料构件，将助推装配式建筑产业更快发展。反过来，随着装配式建筑预制、安装新工艺的不断推广，又会让新型发泡墙体材料得到更广泛的应用。”
此外，装配式建筑以构件预制化生产、装配式施工为主要生产方式，具有设计标准化、构件部品化、施工机械化等特征，其核心要求是机械化，基础条件是标准化。与传统建筑相比，装配式建筑产业的预制生产及运输、安装都更加依靠机械化工程设备。因此，钱学明建议，在大力发展新材料与装配式建筑产业的同时，也要重视发展装配式建筑工程领域的装备制造业。
另有业内专家表示，装配式建筑产业涉及不少产业业态，需要上下游产业链共同发力，未来还有很长的路要走。同时，各个产业之间很有必要实现协同发展、融合发展，这样才能形成“合力”，促进装配式建筑产业集群的形成，进而发挥创造更多更好的经济社会效益。
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